Spain seeks to calm markets after sell-off

By Leslie Crawford in Madrid

Financial Times

Pedro Solbes, the Spanish finance minister, and the Bank of Spain, the central bank, moved to calm financial markets on Monday, saying no Spanish banks had sought emergency financing from the European Central Bank.

Spanish bank shares fell sharply on fears that an international credit squeeze might damage the lending activities and profitability of financial groups.

The share sell-off followed a British press report quoting Adam Applegarth, chief executive of Northern Rock, the beleaguered UK mortgage lender, as saying that three Spanish banks had sought ECB help last week.

Mr Solbes ruled out the possibility that any Spanish financial group might be affected in coming days by liquidity problems such as those experienced by Northern Rock. “There are no parallels between what has happened in the UK and the situation here,” he said on Spanish radio.

The Bank of Spain said in a statement: “No Spanish institution has used any emergency financing facility. Spanish institutions, in common with other European banks, continue to use the ECB’s routine liquidity facilities. This does not mean that they are experiencing any difficulty.”

Spain’s 10-year property boom has transformed Spanish banks into some of the biggest issuers of mortgage-backed bonds in Europe. An almost insatiable demand for credit in Spain has also made banks big borrowers in European capital markets.

As a result of the current turmoil in financial markets, Spanish banks may find it more difficult to fund themselves abroad. It will certainly be more expensive.

Last week, Banco Popular cancelled the placement of €2bn ($2.8bn, £1.39bn) worth of mortgage-backed securities. Ahorro Titulización, an investment vehicle that belongs to a group of Spanish savings banks, also cancelled a securitisation issue.

Spanish bank regulators on Monday insisted that the financial system was solid, with well-capitalised, profitable banks, low rates of loan defaults and high levels of provisions against bad debt.

Bankinter, a medium-sized bank, was the hardest hit in the share sell-off, falling 5.9 per cent on Monday. Banco Popular fell 2.9 per cent, with the largest banks, Santander and BBVA, shedding 1.6 per cent and 1.9 per cent respectively.

“I don’t know why our share price is being hammered,” Jacobo Diez, chief financial officer of Bankinter, told the Financial Times. “Our funding needs are fully covered for 2007. We have no problems with liquidity. I think the stock markets are being moved by uncertainty and fear.”

At Banco Popular, Roberto Higuera, chief financial of-ficer, said: “This is not a liquidity crisis. It is a crisis of confidence. No one knows who is holding subprime risk. The only thing I can tell you is that it is not in Spain.”

Banks remain under fire in London

By Michael Hunter and Robert Orr

Financial Times

The FTSE 100 fell sharply on Monday as the fall-out from the rescue of Northern Rock continued to hit the markets.

Other lenders also suffered from the growing crisis of confidence, fuelled by comments from Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, that US house prices were likely to fall “significantly”.

Mr Greenspan’s thoughts, made in an interview with the Financial Times, raised the prospect of further contagion from bad debt within the US housing sector spreading around the globe via complex investment instruments based on American mortgage debt.

In London, Northern Rock lost a further 40 per cent of its value as savers scrambled to withdraw deposits from the bank, with an estimated £2bn withdrawn in just three days.

The Newcastle-based lender’s shares fell by a similar amount on Friday following the shock news that it needed to be bailed out by the Bank of England due to a drying up of liquidity in the capital markets.

Alistair Darling, chancellor of the exchequer, said he stood by the Bank of England’s decision to bail out Northern Rock. In an interview on BBC Radio Four’s Today programme he said the troubled lender could draw from the central bank ”as needed”.

Despite the continuation of talks over a rescue takeover, Northern Rock slumped 40 per cent to a new low of 267p. The shares were worth more than £12 only a few months ago.

With the rest of the banking sector also down sharply, the FTSE 100 fell 101.4 points, or 1.6 per cent, to 6,189.5.

Alliance & Leicester slumped 18.3 per cent to 713p, Bradford & Bingley fell 11.8 per cent to 291p and HBOS, the UK’s biggest mortgage lender, dropped 4.2 per cent to 821½p.

The prospect of more stringent mortgage lending also hampered the house building sector. Barratt Developments fell 7.2 per cent to 769½p, Persimmon lost 5.9 per cent to 956p and Taylor Wimpey was 2.8 per cent weaker at 304.3p.

Pub operator Mitchells & Butler fell 4.7 per cent to 590p after it said hedging costs ahead of an abortive attempt to create a property holding joint venture, mothballed due to the turbulence on world credit markets, would appear as a £140m special item on its annual accounts.

Of the risers, Sage, the information technology company, gained 2.7 per cent to 249¾p after a push from Deutsche Bank.

Can the Mortgage Crisis Swallow a Town?

David Maxwell for The New York Times

Charles and Tammi Eggleston, with their daughters, Shelby and Sydney, have been trying to sell their home in Maple Heights, Ohio, since May 2006. Nearby houses sit vacant.

Published: September 2, 2007 The New York Times

Maple Heights, Ohio

TAMMI and Charles Eggleston never took out a risky mortgage, never borrowed more than they could afford and never missed a monthly payment on their neat, three-bedroom colonial in the Cleveland suburbs. But that hasn’t prevented them from getting caught in the undertow of the subprime mortgage mess now submerging this town.

Over the last 18 months, the Egglestons have watched one house after another on their street, Gardenview Drive, end up foreclosed and vacant. Although lawns are still tidy and empty homes are not boarded up and stripped as they are in inner-city Cleveland, the Egglestons say Maple Heights no longer feels safe after dark. Nor do they have the confidence they had when they moved in a decade ago that this is the ideal place to raise their 6-year-old twin girls, Sydney and Shelby. So, in May 2006, they put their home on the market in order to move closer to Mrs. Eggleston’s parents in another middle-class Cleveland suburb, Richmond Heights.

They have had no takers. Although they lowered the asking price to $99,000 from $109,000, no one has even come to look at it in more than six weeks. “My heart panics every time I drive down the street and I see another for-sale sign,” says Mrs. Eggleston, pointing past the placards in front of her porch to others that dot surrounding yards like lawn furniture. “Some people on the street couldn’t pay, so they just left. The competition to sell is just ridiculous.”

It is a scene being repeated in cities and towns across America as loans that were made to borrowers with little or no credit history, many of whom could not even afford a down payment, fail in ever-growing numbers. It is also a story of how local economic trends are intersecting with national politics, with local foreclosures drawing the attention of Democratic presidential candidates, including John Edwards and Representative Dennis J. Kucinich of Ohio.

On the Republican side, President Bush announced on Friday several steps aimed at alleviating the impact of the subprime crisis on homeowners. In a Rose Garden appearance, he ruled out a federal bailout, citing both “excesses in the lending industry” and unduly optimistic homeowners who took out “loans larger than they could afford,” as reasons for the mortgage woes.

Indeed, what was once a problem confined mostly to economically struggling areas is quickly becoming a national phenomenon. Last year, there were 1.2 million foreclosure filings in the United States, up 42 percent from 2005, according to RealtyTrac, a firm that analyzes such data. At current rates so far this year, RealtyTrac expects foreclosure filings to hit two million in 2007, or roughly one per 62 American households — a rate approaching heights not seen since the Great Depression.

Analysts also say that the fallout from mortgages gone bad is spreading well beyond borrowers now in default. It has begun to engulf middle-class communities like Maple Heights, where nearly 10 percent of the houses — or 910 properties — have been seized by banks in the last two years. And it foreshadows what could lie in store if mortgage holders default on what the Federal Reserve conservatively estimates to be $100 billion in risky subprime loans. Many of these loans were made in 2005 and early 2006, when standards were at their most lax and cities like this were blanketed with aggressive pitches from mortgage providers.

“I don’t think we’ve hit bottom,” says Michael G. Ciaravino, the mayor of Maple Heights. “My fear is that foreclosure rates could go to double where they are today.”

IN terms of the subprime mortgage meltdown, Ohio has been among the hardest-hit states, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. In Cuyahoga County, which includes Cleveland and surrounding suburbs, roughly 30 percent of subprime mortgages are either delinquent or in foreclosure, says Jim Rokakis, the county treasurer.

But this leafy community of bungalows and small family homes built after World War II could be described as its epicenter. Already, Maple Heights, with a population of 27,000, ranks No. 1 in Cuyahoga County in foreclosures per capita, according to Policy Matters Ohio, a nonprofit research group. Ranked by ZIP code, the number of foreclosures here puts Maple Heights in the top one-half of 1 percent nationally, RealtyTrac says.

Mayor Ciaravino has already had to shut his town’s two swimming pools, cut the ranks of police officers and firefighters and eliminate services like free plowing for senior citizens with snow-covered driveways. More...